Tuesday, October 13, 2026

Insurgency: Army Use Of Child

The Army has unearthed another of the many rebels arms caches that remain buried throughout the nation. Its location was disclosed during a debriefing of a former NPA commander. 

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2319311/army-unearths-rebel-arms-cache-in-zamboanga-del-sur

Troops of the Army’s 53rd Infantry Battalion (53IB) recovered an arms cache and war materiel in Barangay Dalapan, Guipos, Zamboanga del Sur, on Tuesday, Oct. 6, military officials reported.

The 53IB said the location of the hidden stash in Purok 3 was disclosed during a custodial debriefing with Florencio Sayamba, alias “Jay-R,” “Bebot,” and “Rico.”

Sayamba, a former commander of a militia unit under the defunct Guerrilla Front KARA of the New People’s Army’s Western Mindanao Regional Party Committee, was apprehended during pursuit operations in San Miguel town on June 18. 

He is currently detained at the Pagadian City Jail in Barangay Lenienza, Pagadian City.

Recovered from the site were a carbine rifle, an Ingram submachine gun, a .38-caliber revolver, two hand grenades, a commercial radio with four antennas, and about 20 meters of detonating cord.

The confiscated weapons and equipment were brought to the 53IB headquarters in Guipos for documentation and proper disposition.

Too bad he was apprehended rather than surrendered because now Florencio Sayamba will likely not be able to avail of E-CLIP benefits. 

The Army is pulling out all the stops to persuade NPA fighters to surrender. In one recent case they posted birthday photos of a rebels child on Facebook. 


https://www.bulatlat.com/2026/10/07/army-use-of-child-a-violation-of-intl-humanitarian-law/

The Philippine Army’s publication of child pictures to pressure a New People’s Army (NPA) member to surrender is a violation of international humanitarian law (IHL), a human rights group said in a statement.

“Posting the child’s name, photograph and location while giving her mother an ultimatum to surrender was not only inhumane and exploitative, it was tantamount to holding the child hostage to compel her mother to do something against her will,” said human rights lawyer Maria Sol Taule, deputy secretary-general of Karapatan, in a statement on October 5. 

In a deleted post, the 93rd Infantry Battalion of the Philippine Army published photos of a seven-year-old child with personal details under the pretext of a “birthday party” celebration to urge their NPA mother to surrender.

The Philippines is a signatory to the Geneva Conventions and is obligated to follow the rules of war under IHL. “Children shall be the object of special respect and shall be protected against any form of indecent assault. The Parties to the conflict shall provide them with the care and aid they require, whether because of their age or for any other reason,” the Fourth Geneva Convention stated.

The Philippines also ratified the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child. Under this binding treaty, children should also not be subjected to any arbitrary or unlawful interference on her privacy, family, home or correspondence, or unlawful attacks to their reputation as outlined in the Article 16.

“What the 93rd Infantry Battalion did is equal to hostage-taking,” said Elle Buntag, secretary-general of child rights group Salinlahi. “Basically, it is exploitation to force their mother to surrender.”

The group also recalled the case of certain “Baby Rhea”, a two-month-old infant held hostage along with two pregnant Red fighters in November 2022.

On September 19, Karapatan reported that military agents shot Arnida Cuaton Maguiguilid as she was about to enter the gate of the boarding house in Tagum City. 

Maguiguilid was seven months pregnant, a member of New People’s Army on medical leave, and unarmed when she was seized by the elements of the 603rd Infantry Brigade and 6th Infantry Division of the Philippine Army. 

“The pregnant NPA member, also vulnerable due to her condition, clearly had hors de combat status. Despite this, she was shot in the back, which crippled her and endangered her unborn child as well,” Taule said.

Rule 47 of the International Humanitarian Law prohibited attacking persons who are recognized as “hors de combat” or anyone who is defenseless because of unconsciousness, shipwreck, wounds or sickness.

“We are calling on the Filipino people, defenders of children’s rights, human rights and international humanitarian law, to help the victims attain justice and hold the AFP accountable,” Buntag said.

It's quite revealing that the Army has since deleted the post. But how did they obtain the photographs? If they know the names of NPA fighters why wouldn't they know where they are hiding? And do NPA rebels use Facebook? What is cellphone reception like in the wilderness?

That article also mentions the case of a pregnant NPA member who was shot in the back. The implication is that the Philippine Army shot her. However, that might not be the case. Here are two articles examining the situation from different angles. 

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2317551/karapatan-shooting-of-pregnant-npa-member-violates-international-law

Karapatan on Monday condemned the shooting of a pregnant member of the New People’s Army (NPA) by suspected military agents in Tagum City, Davao del Norte.

Lawyer Maria Sol Taule, deputy secretary general of Karapatan, said the shooting of a certain Arnida Cuaton Maguiguilid on Sept. 19 was “a violation of international humanitarian law.”

“The pregnant NPA member, also vulnerable due to her condition, clearly had hors de combat status,” she pointed out. “Despite this, she was shot in the back, which crippled her and endangered her unborn child as well.”

Citing earlier local reports, Karapatan said Maguiguilid, who was on medical leave from the NPA and seven months pregnant, was about to enter the gate of the boarding house where she was staying in Barangay Visayan when she was shot.

Maguiguilid was brought to the hospital by her housemate, where she was “seized” by elements of the Philippine Army (PA). She was presented before the media on Sept. 24 as a “surrenderee.”

The military distanced itself from the Sept. 19 incident and insisted that it only came into the picture to facilitate her surrender.

“Our immediate concern was to ensure that she was safely brought under government care and provided the medical attention she needed,” Maj. Ruben Gadut, spokesperson for the PA’s 10th Infantry Division.

This article says the woman was seized by the military at the hospital and later presented as a surrenderee. The fact that she was on "medical leave from the NPA" is kind of odd. Medical leave from the revolution? So, the NPA has safe houses and the house was not raided? Instead the woman was shot out front? Why wouldn't the Army raid the safe house?

This second article presents the story from a different angle.

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2316473/ndf-seeks-red-cross-intervention-for-wounded-pregnant-rebel-leader

A spokesman for Maoist rebels operating in Southern Mindanao has called on the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to intervene in the case of a pregnant New People’s Army (NPA) guerrilla leader who was allegedly the subject of a kill attempt some two weeks ago in Davao del Norte.

Kim Montiza, spokesperson for the National Democratic Front-Far South Mindanao Region (NDF-FSMR), told the Inquirer the intervention from ICRC and human rights groups and lawyers will help ensure that the rights of Arnida Cuaton Manuiguilid, alias “Ka Lovi,” are respected as she recuperates from a lone but serious gunshot wound.

Montiza emphasized that under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), pregnant women and incapacitated combatants are strictly protected from attacks.

According to Montiza, Manuiguilid was around six months pregnant when she went on medical leave from her guerrilla unit in the first week of August. 

At past 6:00 p.m. on September 19, as Manuiguilid was closing the gate of her safe house after a quick run at a mall in Tagum City, Davao del Norte, an unidentified gunman opened fire, leaving her crumpled and bleeding on the street, Montiza said.

The single bullet entered Manuiguilid’s back and exited through her chest, a detail confirmed by Maj. Ruben Gadut, spokesperson for the Army’s 10th Infantry Division (10ID).

But Gadut said the Maoist fighter is now in stable condition, although Montiza claims that the amazona is “paralyzed from the waist down” because of the gunshot wound.

Both Gadut and Montiza are clueless regarding the condition of Manuiguilid’s pregnancy following the traumatic attack.

For days following the shooting, her exact situation was unclear. However, Gadut said that on September 25, Manuiguilid had “surrendered” and was by then receiving treatment in Koronadal City, South Cotabato, more than 200 kilometers away from Tagum.

Gadut claimed that the transfer was made upon Manuiguilid’s own request. Hailing originally from General Santos City, she asked to be brought to Koronadal City so she could be closer to her family.

Gadut distanced the military from the September 19 shooting, labeling it a “police matter” that involved an unidentified perpetrator.

The Army, Gadut pointed out, only entered the picture on September 25 to facilitate her surrender.

“Our immediate concern was to ensure that she was safely brought under government care and provided the medical attention she needed,” Gadut said. 

He added that her surrender formally allows her to avail of the government’s Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program or E-CLIP.

So, this lady went out for a quick run to the mall, again odd seeing as she is a wanted revolutionary, and was shot upon attempting to enter her house. She is described in negative terms as a "Maoist fighter" and an "amazon." The military claims they had nothing to do with the shooting and it is a "police matter." 

Spokesman Maj. Ruben Gadut says they facilitated her surrender on September 25th while the previous article says she was presented as a surrenderee a day earlier on the 24th. Is that a typo? What's the real timeline here? There also appear to be conflicting accounts of the woman's condition. The military says she is in stable condition while the NDF claims she is paralyzed from the waist down. How would the NDF know anything about her situation when she is in a hospital surrounded by the military?

And who shot this lady? Why would a random unknown shoot this specific woman who is an NPA rebel on medical leave? Did they know her identity and that she was attempting to enter an NPA safe house? Lots of questions to be answered by the police. 

The NPA claimed responsibility for a recent attack that wounded two soldiers and killed one CAFGU member. 

https://digicastnegros.com/npa-claims-responsibility-for-escalante-attack-that-killed-cafgu-member-wounded-2-soldiers/

The New People’s Army has claimed responsibility for the Sept. 29 attack on government troops in Escalante City, Negros Occidental, that left one Civilian Armed Forces Geographical Unit (CAFGU) member dead and two soldiers wounded.

In a statement on Oct. 7, Ka Cecil Estrella, spokesperson of the Roselyn Jean Pelle Command-NPA Northern Negros Guerrilla Front, said its members carried out what it described as a harassment operation against personnel of the Army’s 79th Infantry Battalion (79IB) and CAFGU in Sitio Bautista, Brgy. Malasibog, at around 3 p.m.

The NPA claimed its fighters opened fire on government troops conducting a patrol in the area, resulting in one fatality and two injuries on the government side.

Estrella said the exchange of gunfire lasted about three minutes and claimed that all NPA fighters were able to withdraw safely.

The group also alleged that government troops continued firing for about an hour after the initial exchange. This claim has not been independently verified.

The Philippine Army’s 3rd Infantry Division (3ID) earlier confirmed that one CAFGU Active Auxiliary member was killed and two soldiers were wounded during the armed encounter.

However, the military said the firefight lasted about 10 minutes, differing from the NPA’s account.

According to the Army, personnel of the 79IB, including members of its Mobile Community Support and Sustainment Program team, were conducting a security patrol when they came under attack from an armed group.

The two wounded soldiers were brought to a hospital and were reported to be in stable condition.

Maj. Gen. Joey Escanillas, commander of the 3ID, earlier condemned the attack and assured the family of the slain CAFGU member of assistance.

The Army maintained that its personnel were in the area to support peace and development initiatives and protect communities from armed groups.

Meanwhile, the NPA said the attack was carried out in response to what it described as increasing military presence in the area and alleged killings attributed to government forces.

The rebel group also claimed continued support from communities in Toboso and Escalante, although this assertion could not be independently established.

The military, for its part, maintained that security operations would continue to prevent armed groups from regaining influence in communities.

The Sept. 29 encounter also affected residents of Sitio Bautista, with 13 families comprising 41 individuals reportedly evacuating due to fears following the firefight.

Despite being "strategically defeated" the NPA remains a deadly threat.

Monday, October 12, 2026

Week 14 of Vice President Sara Duterte's Impeachment Trial

Week 14 of Vice President Sara Duterte's impeachment trial featured testimony from the Anti-Money Laundering Council on day one. This testimony is related to allegations of ill-gotten wealth and undeclared assets on her SALN. AMLC Secretariat Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura testified that between 2011 and 2024 Sara Duterte's bank transactions ran as high as 55 million pesos. 

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2317346/amlc-witness-bank-reported-dutertes-p9-m-transactions-in-2011-2013

Vice President Sara Duterte’s bank transactions of over P500,000 from 2011 to 2024, including a P55 million interaccount transfer, were reported by various banks to the Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC), its Secretariat Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura said Monday.

Private prosecutor Mae Divinagracia, during her examination of Buenaventura, pointed to the covered transaction reports (CTRs) of Duterte and her husband, Atty. Manases Carpio, from 2007 to 2025.

CTRs refer to transactions above P500,000.

Referring to AMLC records, Buenaventura testified on the following 24 of the 375 CTRs from the joint bank account of the vice president and former President Rodrigo Duterte:

  • Reported by Bank of the Philippine Islands – J Vargas Branch
    • P9,785,744.55, March 9, 2011, debit memo
    • P9,109,644.80, April 8, 2013, over-the-counter cash withdrawal
    • P41,721,035.62, March 28, 2014, interaccount transfer
    • P55,131,747.32, March 28, 2014, interaccount transfer
    • P20,000,000.00, March 28, 2014, interaccount transfer
    • P20,000,000.00, March 28, 2014, interaccount transfer
    • P16,852,832.94, March 28, 2014, interaccount transfer
    • P20,000,000.00, March 28, 2014, interaccount transfer
    • P20,000,000.00, March 28, 2014, interaccount transfer
  • Reported by Philippine Savings Bank – Wilson Branch
    • P1,945,265.88, December 26, 2018, time deposit placement debit memo
    • P1,945,265.88, December 26, 2018, time deposit placement credit memo
    • P1,984,235.15, January 23, 2020, time deposit placement debit memo
    • P1,984,235.15, January 23, 2020, time deposit placement credit memo
    • P2,005,340.22, December 28, 2020, time deposit placement debit memo
    • P2,005,340.22, December 28, 2020, time deposit placement credit memo
    • P2,012,498.18, December 23, 2021, time deposit placement debit memo
    • P2,012,498.18, December 23, 2021, time deposit placement credit memo
    • P2,020,879.39, September 22, 2022, time deposit placement debit memo
    • P2,020,879.39, September 22, 2022, time deposit placement credit memo
  • Reported by Banko de Oro Unibank – Davao Riza Branch
    • P5,969,000.00, December 20, 2024, over-the-counter cash withdrawal
    • P5,969,000.00, December 20, 2024, over-the-counter cash withdrawal
  • Reported by Landbank of the Philippines – San Pedro Branch
    • P2,371,000.00, December 5, 2024, over-the-counter cash withdrawal
  • Reported by Metropolitan Bank & Tco-Davecolan
    • P1,700,000.00, December 20, 2024, over-the-counter cheque encashment

In addition, the AMLC records indicated that on April 1, 2014, Duterte purchased a life investment insurance policy worth P20,000,000 from BPI AIA Life Assurance Corp.

Buenaventura also detailed six of the 363 CTRs from Carpio’s accounts. In particular, the prosecution highlighted six of Carpio’s transactions made on a single day.

  • Reported by Banko de Oro Unibank – Davao Riza Branch
    • P15,000,000.00, August 6, 2024, over-the-counter cheque encashment
    • P8,000,000.00, August 6, 2024, over-the-counter cheque encashment
  • Reported by Philippine National Bank – Davao Branch
    • P5,000,000.00, August 6, 2024, over-the-counter cash withdrawal
    • P5,000,000.00, August 6, 2024, over-the-counter cash withdrawal
    • P3,000,000.00, August 6, 2024, over-the-counter cash withdrawal
    • P5,000,000.00, August 6, 2024, over-the-counter cash withdrawal

Those are massive transactions flagged because they were each over 500,000 pesos. The accounts of both Sara and her husband were flagged due to transactions allegedly linked to the flood control scandal and drug trafficking. 

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2317479/amlc-sara-duterte-spouse-transactions-linked-to-flood-control-drugs

The Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC) on Monday disclosed several transactions by Vice President Sara Duterte and her spouse, Atty. Maneses Carpio, that were flagged for allegedly being related to the flood control scandal and drug trafficking.

During the 33rd day of Duterte’s impeachment trial, AMLC Secretariat Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura disclosed several suspicious transaction reports (STRs) before the Senate Impeachment Court while being questioned by private prosecutor Mae Divinagracia.

STRs refer to reports filed by covered institutions on transactions that exhibit specific red flags or irregularities under the Anti-Money Laundering Act, regardless of the amount involved.

Among the STRs revealed during the trial were premium payments made to The Mercantile Insurance Co. on July 4, 2019, and Nov. 15, 2019.

“Based on records, as reported by the covered person, the reason indicated is graft and corrupt practices,” Buenaventura said.

Asked what the narrative was, or the explanation behind the suspicion, Buenaventura said the following:

“Several news outlets recently released a list of individuals and corporations identified as being involved in the DPWH (Department of Public Works and Highways) flood control issue, prompting the filing of an STR.”

Meanwhile, another STR, dated Aug. 1, 2024, linked Duterte’s husband, Mans Carpio, to drug trafficking, particularly PSBank accounts under his name, which were flagged following criminal complaints tied to a 2017 P6.4-billion shabu smuggling case.

Among the accused in the said case, based on the STR narrative, was Carpio, who owned two separate PSBank accounts, one peso and one dollar account.

“Both accounts were still active, with average daily balances for the past six months amounting to P519,787.44 and USD6,411.05, respectively,” the narrative read, which was likewise based on press accounts.

Another STR, dated Dec. 5, 2024, also flagged transactions Duterte allegedly committed for malversation of public funds and property.

“The client is alleged to have misappropriated confidential funds to her office,” Buenaventura said in reading the STR explanation, which also directly cited various news reports.

The STR narrative also cited COA’s disallowance of P73 million in confidential funds in 2022 under Duterte’s office.

At the end of last week former Senator Trillanes alleged that Sara Duterte had received millions of pesos from China. She vehemently denied that allegation but testimony from the AMLC seems to have vindicated Trillanes. 

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2317576/trillanes-vindicated-anew-amlc-says-carpio-firm-got-p319-m-from-china

It appears that former Sen. Antonio Trillanes IV has been vindicated again, as a government official has confirmed the food company owned by lawyer Manases Carpio, husband of Vice President Sara Duterte, got funds over P319 million from China.

At Duterte’s impeachment trial on Monday, counsel for the prosecution Mae Divinagracia asked Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC) Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura about the total amount of inward financial transactions involving Carpio’s CALE88 Foods Corp., or money that came from mainland China and Hong Kong to the said company.

In response, Buenaventura said it is P319,326,770.41 — an amount that is close to the figure provided by Trillanes during a press briefing last Friday.

“Let’s go to Table 5 of your summary, based on your summary, Table 5, and the CTRs (covered transactions report) and STRs (suspicious transactions report) of CALE88, how much was the entire value of remittances from China that CALE88 received?” Divinagracia asked.

“The entire value, your Honor, the aggregate amount placed under aggregate Letter c, aggregate PHP with subtotal a, what was indicated in our tabular summary is P319,326,770.41, your Honor.  Based on the records, our tabular summary records,” Buenaventura said.

“‘The title of Table 5 your Honors is the CTRs pertaining to inward remittances to CALE88 Foods Corporation from (a) China and (b) other countries, (Item 5) your Honor,” he added.

Aside from this the table also showed that there are a total of 143 CTRs and three STRs on CALE88; 141 of the 143 CTRs were financial transactions from China and two from Hong Kong.

Meanwhile, all three STRs involved transactions from China.

Buenaventura, during the hearing of the House of Representatives’ committee on justice on the two impeachment complaints against Duterte, explained that covered transactions referred to bank transactions over P500,000, which banks report to AMLC.

Suspicious transactions, meanwhile, refer to those whose amounts are not determined, but were reported by banks because there is something questionable in terms of how funds were sourced.

There are other CTRs recorded by AMLC outside of China, including 13 from Ukraine, six each from Russia and Kazakhstan, four from Lithuania, two each from Tajikistan and South Africa, and one each from the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

All in all, there are 178 CTRs and three STRs, representing a total amount of P368.8 million worth of transactions.

Regarding the suspicious transactions from China, Buenaventura said that these were flagged because “there is no underlying legal or trade obligation, purpose, or economic justification.”

Trillanes signified his desire to testify before the Senate Impeachment Court, but eventually withdrew to supposedly relieve the prosecution panel of pressure.  Instead, the former senator presented his would have been testimony during a press conference in San Juan last Friday.

One of the items that Trillanes discussed was the alleged P319 million that went into CALE88 — despite having a paid-up capital of P125,000 from 2021 to 2025, having low electricity costs, and no rank-and-file employees.

Trillanes said that the P319 million was sent by Chinese firms in tranches, from 2023 to 2025.

Meanwhile, the Tapang at Malasakit Foundation, which Duterte listed herself as an incorporator in her 2022 Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth, reportedly received a P150 million donation from the Chinese Embassy in the Philippines in 2019.

All of these transactions add up to more than Sara Duterte's declared wealth for that time period. The AMLC executive said he could not the discrepancy. 

Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC) Secretariat Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura admitted on Tuesday that he could not explain the gap between Vice President Sara Duterte’s declared net worth and reported financial transactions involving her and husband Manases Carpio.

Raising the “absurd possibility” of adding Duterte’s statements of assets, liabilities and net worth (SALNs) from 2022 to 2025, Presiding Officer and Sen. Francis Escudero came up with a total of P336 million.

This figure, however, was still short of the P424 million that reportedly went in and out of the couple’s bank accounts during  the same period, Escudero said, citing AMLC records submitted to  the Senate impeachment court.

“It still did not reach P424 million. Meaning to say, assuming that nothing was spent from all of their assets and everything was deposited in the bank, it still would not reach this amount,” Escudero pointed out, while asking questions to AMLC Secretariat Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura.

Buenaventura was presented by the prosecution in relation to allegations that Duterte had amasses unexplained wealth and failed to declare all her assets in her SALNs.

“In your opinion—and I’ll ask again, in the realm of possibilities—what would explain this huge amount? Is it possible that it was simply money going in and out?” he asked the witness.

Noticing that Buenaventura was struggling to respond to his question,  Escudero surmised that that the witness could not explain the gap. 

The witness agreed, saying: “I cannot explain it.” 

Escudero further pressed the witness to explain how the couple’s transactions could have amounted to P424 million when the vice president’s monthly salary was only P350,000.

“Apologies po your your honor, I cannot explain,”  Buenaventura answered.

Escudero raised the same questions on the reported P4.4 billion combined transactions of the couple from 2007 to 2025. 

“Again, I bring it to its absurd point. We tried to add to all of the amounts in the combined Salns for those covered period of 2007 to 2025, it totaled only P840 million,” he said.

“In the realm of possibilities again, can you explain how it could reach that amount knowing that the highest salary in 2025 was at P98 million and the lowest salary in 2007 was at P7 million?  Can you explain it, Sir?”

Buenaventura said he would not be able to explain or answer  the question as he just relying on their  records.

When Escudero asked again if he could think of any possible explanation, the witness said, “I’m also having some difficulty explaining it.”

“So you also cannot explain why the amount reached P4.4 billion, based on the data I relayed to you regarding the SALNs?” the presiding officer asked further.

“I cannot answer that, Your Honor,” the  AMLC official said.

However, suspicious transactions do not prove illegal activity according to the AMLC. 

Testimony was also heard from BPI Central Metro Manila Branches division head Marwin Galvez. Sara Duterte and her Father Rodrigo Duterte had a shared account which exhibited patterns consistent with  concealment of finances. 

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2319161/prosecution-seeks-to-show-dutertes-hid-p96m-via-unused-managers-checks

The prosecution on Wednesday attempted to show a pattern of concealment involving around P96 million in funds from a Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) account jointly held by Vice President Sara Duterte and her father, former President Rodrigo Duterte.

Prosecution counsel James Bryan Ibrahim Alih traced a series of manager’s checks that remained unutilized and were subsequently returned, saying the transactions showed how the funds could be moved out of the account without appearing in its year-end balance.

The prosecution first traced P41.72 million from a time deposit that matured in March 2011 and was used to purchase a manager’s check.

Noting that a manager’s check becomes stale if unutilized after six months, Alih later cited records showing the same amount was used to purchase another manager’s check in October 2011.

Defense counsel Michael Poa objected, questioning the relevance of presenting the transactions.

Presiding Officer Francis Escudero agreed, saying that they dated back to 2011.

“Where is this leading to, counsel?” Escudero asked.

“Without preempting the prosecution panel, may I venture a guess where this is headed? You’re trying to establish a pattern aimed at proving concealment,” Senator-Judge Panfilo Lacson said.

Alih agreed, saying, “That’s what we’re trying to say, Your Honor, we’re trying to establish a pattern. Apologies that it takes quite some time because I wanted to do it right with the documents.”

“But the point eventually is that the manager’s checks being circulated were not reflected in the year-end balance because the funds were still floating,” Alih explained.

Through the interjections of Escudero, BPI Central Metro Manila Branches division head Marwin Galvez explained that when a manager’s check is issued, the amount is deducted from the purchaser’s account and transferred to the bank’s settlement account, which is separate from the client’s account.

According to Galvez, the funds remain in the settlement account to back the manager’s check while it remains outstanding.

If the manager’s check lapses without being used and is returned to the bank, Galvez said the funds may be returned to the purchaser’s account.

After the clarification, Escudero ruled to allow Alih in his presentation.

Alih, however, opted to dispense with the matter and said, “I guess, given that there was already a clarification on that matter, to save the Court’s time, I would move on from that P41 million, Your Honor,”

“Because this is already part of the records, so that I don’t have to go through this, Your Honor, a similar time deposit that became a manager’s check in the amount of P55 million was also running during the same years, simultaneously with this P41 [million], bringing the total to P96 million.”

Sen. Bam Aquino, sitting as a senator-judge, later asked Galvez whether the “scheme” of purchasing manager’s checks and leaving them unutilized was a known method of “keeping money.”

Galvez also told Aquino that “there are instances, Your Honor, when a client purchases a manager’s check but does not use it.”

Aquino said, “Sorry, do you mean it is used or deliberately not used?”

“‘The point of the prosecution is that the manager’s checks were deliberately left unused to make the funds disappear from the account and then return. Is this a normal practice, or is this just a theory of the prosecution, or is this actually done by people in the banking industry?” the senator-judge pressed further.

Later, to further support their claim of a pattern of concealment, Alih presented documents showing that the manager’s checks were subsequently purchased in October 2011, April 2012, October 2012, April 2013, and October 2013—six months apart, or the validity of a manager’s check.

Alih pointed out that the P96 million that had “floated” over the years appeared to have later been used to purchase four P20-million insurance plans from Philam Life, as shown in the instruction letters dated March 2014.

“What was the purpose of the authorization to transfer?” Alih asked Galvez.

“Based on the account specified in the instruction, the authority to transfer was to debit account 9539 and transfer the funds to BPI’s settlement account for BPI-Philam Life Insurance Corporation,” Galvez replied.

Galvez also confirmed that the transfers were used to purchase the four P20-million plans, based on the instruction letters.

Meanwhile, Alih also presented Manager’s Check No. 20536 dated May 30, 2016 that showed that the remaining P16 million was eventually paid to Sammy Uy.

This, according to Alih, “completes” the P96 million that the prosecution attempts to show that the Dutertes allegedly tried to hide. 

It would appear that both Sara and her father were involved in a scheme to hide money. The point of this testimony was to establish a pattern that Sara has long been concerned with hiding both her wealth and its sources. That is something the defense will have to address when it comes time to present their case. 

According to one witness Sara's unexplained wealth amounts to 817.87 million pesos. 

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/2320698/vp-dutertes-total-unexplained-wealth-at-p817-87m-witness-report

The table prepared by prosecution witness, lawyer and accountant Alexander Cabrera, alleges that Vice President Sara Duterte had a total unexplained wealth of P817.87 million from 2022 to 2025.

On Friday, day 37 of Duterte’s trial, House Prosecutor Rep. Chel Diokno led the direct examination of Cabrera, whom the prosecution sought to establish as an expert witness.

After being furnished with the financial records of Duterte and her husband, Manases Carpio, along with the businesses linked to them, Cabrera prepared a forensic report. Cabrera presented tables before the impeachment court.

“We prepared a summary of the findings, if I’m not mistaken, in Table 39,” Cabrera told the impeachment court.

“Your Honor, I will be showing Table 39, which is shown in the report itself; it’s not a summary but from the report itself,” Diokno said.

Total undeclared assets and income were said to be at P190.63 million in 2022; P167.38 million in 2023; P263.22 million in 2024; and P195.70 million in 2025.

Cabrera explained that included in his report were the years 2022 to 2025 as “These are the years when Vice President Sara Duterte was serving as vice president."

Cabrera’s testimony was offered to tie together and present the “bigger picture” for the prosecution’s presentation of Impeachment Article II that alleges Duterte amassed unexplained wealth; did not fully or truthfully declare all her assets, liabilities, and net worth in her Statements of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALN); and failed to divest her business interests during her tenure as vice president.

That's 817.87 million explanations needed from Sara and her defense team. Because of time constraints impeachment  Article 3 which concerns allegations of bribery has been dropped by the prosecution. That leaves lawyer and accountant Alexander Cabrera as the prosecution's final witness in this trial. Once they have submitted a written formal offer of evidence the defense will begin making their case to the court. 

Saturday, October 10, 2026

The God Culture: St. Francis Xavier's Invented Discovery of the Lequios Islands

Timothy Jay Schwab who is The God Culture is not an ignorant person. He knows what he is doing. He is lying. Every single article in his The Smoking Quill series is filled with outright lies. They are not very complex lies. They are actaully pretty simple and obvious if one reads the texts Tim cites.  Here is another one.


https://thegodculturephilippines.com/jesuit-geography-when-xavier-discovered-what-spain-had-already-mapped/

Tim has titled this picture "xavier-the-jesuit-fraud-changes-maps-and-stupid-bloggers-cover-it-upin-ignorance" which is a dig at me. He is still fuming over the article I wrote concerning the fake map detail he created using ChatGPT. Ever since I published that article Tim has been hiding messages like this one embedded in the names of images on his website. They can be revealed using the web inspector. 

However, it is Tim's article which is full of ignorance. He cites an old and obscure book and claims it says Xavier discovered the Lequios islands. 

Jesuit Geography: When Xavier ‘Discovered’ What the Crown Already Charted

🔥 The Rewriting of Lequios from Luzon to Ryukyu Exposed!

With Lequios already recorded in 1502–1544 maps and Official Spanish Government Documents, Xavier’s 1548 ‘discovery’ becomes a revisionist landmark. Ignoring such data was never academic nor scholarly.


📜 The Source and Its Smoking Statement:

From Historia general de los religiosos descalzos del orden de los hermitaños del gran padre San Augustín... by Fray Luis de Jesús (Tomo 2): 

“Descubriòla el valor de los Invictos Portugueses, poco después de aver hallado las Islas que llaman de los Lequios; abriéndole puerta al fervoroso Espíritu de San Francisco Xavier… el año de 1548.” 

Translation: 

“The said Islands are on one side of Great China, about two hundred leagues apart, to the north, at a height of thirty-four degrees, a little more or less, as Father Fray Marcelo de Ribadeneyra, a Discalced Religious of the Order of Saint Francis, wishes, which is why this land has its Winters and Summers, as our Europe experiences. It was discovered by the courage of the Invincible Portuguese, shortly after they had found the islands called Lequios; opening the door for the fervent spirit of St. Francis Xavier… in the year 1548.”

How exactly does one find what had already been discovered, charted, and catalogued for several decades in Portuguese and Spanish records? It is called fraud, and this is the Smoking Quill of when Xavier, the Jesuit, changed history and maps. Gotcha!!! Why would Jesuits need to move Lequios into undiscovered territory? To justify financial backing for future missions into Ryukyu which had no such significance. The ignored the resouces that were missing, the misplaced geography in which they even added a coordinate to Pinto likely causing a massive conflict in his text which is why he was even called a liar initially.  

The citation Tim provides is clearly about the discovery of Japan and how that discovery opened doors for St. Francis Xavier to engage in missionary activity. The author says Japan was discovered by the Portuguese "shortly AFTER they had found the islands called Lequios." It does not say Xavier discovered the Lequios Islands. Can Tim read? 

He goes on: 

✝️ Missionaries or Myth-Makers? 

  1. St. Francis Xavier Did Not “Discover” Them: Xavier was a missionary, not an explorer. His travels to Japan (1549) and nearby areas were part of a broader Jesuit agenda. By 1548, the Portuguese already had extensive trade knowledge of the East Asian islands. The narrative that “Lequios were discovered to enable Xavier’s entry” is a religious retcon, reframing established trade routes into spiritual “discoveries.”  

  1. Geographic Manipulation: The passage cites Lequios as being “34 degrees north” and “200 leagues from China,” which contradicts Ryukyu (26°–28°) both in coordinates which are far off, and in distance which is almost double wrong. The original Lequios latitude was Luzon/Babuyan (which match closer to 17-21°, mapped as such). The author appears to merge or shift geographic terms to align with evolving Jesuit-era revisions, pushing Lequios farther north to align it with Japan and Ryukyu. Let Jesuits do whatever, but let us not treat that as credible.

Obviously St. Francis Xavier did not discover the Lequios Islands. Tim has invented that premise whole cloth. The text does not even hint at or imply that. It's about the discovery of Japan which is placed at 34° N. The very title of the chapter Tim is citing, which he shows in the article, is "A Description of the Kingdoms of Japan. "


Tim also claims Fernando Pinto's locating the Lequios Islands at 29° is a single metric, "a lone outlier," from a manipulated manuscript. 

❌ Pinto and the Problem of 29°N

Many researchers have clung to the coordinate “29 degrees north” found in Jesuit Fernão Mendes Pinto’s Peregrinação to geographically place Lequios near the Ryukyu Islands. This work is even identified by Rebecca Catz and other Jesuit apologists as suspect. But this fixation ignores overwhelming contradictions and broader historical context we have well proven:

🚫 1. 29°N Is a Lone Outlier

  • Not a single map in the extensive Portuguese or Spanish corpus from 1502 (Cantino Planisphere) through 1544 places Lequios at 29°N or anywhere near it. Not a single one!

  • Even Royal Spanish maps (1512, 1519, 1526, 1529, 1537, 1544) consistently position Lequios in the vicinity of Luzon, long before Pinto was ever published in its manipulated form from the first public text. 

  • Pinto’s writings cannot be separated from the Jesuit agenda — a movement that, in later decades, began to reframe geography around missionary milestones. If Pinto actually wrote 29°N, which has never been produced in an original, then, he manipulated his own writing conflicting with all other factors that fail for Ryukyu. 

  • As such, manipulating one coordinate (29°N) to fit Ryukyu helped redirect religious interest there while maintaining plausible deniability. The problem is it causes the rest of the narrative to fail highlighting the fraud.

This is totally wrong. Francis Gaullé, writing three decades before Pinto's book was published, also places the Lequios Islands at 29°.

Being past the fair Islands, we held our course East and East and by South, for two hundred and forty miles, until we were past the length of the Islands Lequios, sailing about fifty miles from them, as the said Chinar told me, that those islands called Lequios are very many, and that they have many and very good Harbours, and that the people and inhabitants thereof have their faces and bodies painted like the Bysayas of the Islands of Luzon of  Philippines, and are appareled like the Bysayas, and that there are also mines of gold; he said likewise that they did often come with small ships and barkes laden with Bucks and Harts hides; and with gold in grains of very small pieces, to trade with them on the coast of China, which be assured me to be most true, saying that he had been nine times in the small Island, bringing of the same wares with him to China; which I believe to be true, for that afterwards I inquired thereof at Macau, and upon the coast of China, and found that he said true. The furthest or uttermost of these Islands both Northward and Eastward lie under 29 degrees.

Being past these Islands, then you come to the Islands of Japon whereof the first lying West and South is the Island of Hirado, where the Portuguese use to trade. They [the Japanese islands] are in length altogether one hundred and thirty miles, and the furthest Eastward, lies under thirty-two degrees [latitude]. We ran still East, and East by North, until we were past the said one hundred and thirty miles.
That is a second, independent witness corroborating the location of the Lequios Islands as being 29°N. Tim's claim that maps predating 1544 place the Lequios near the Philippines is historically unsound because the Lequios Islands had not yet been visited by the Portuguese. Of course the maps are not going to be accurate. It took years of exploration before accurate maps of Japan, the Lequios Islands, and the Philippines were charted. 

There is not much else to say about Tim's article. It is full of ignorance which is easily corrected by a proper comprehension of the text he cites. This is seen time and time again when analyzing Tim's articles, books, and videos. Tim fails to read the texts he cites in their correct context and he selectively manipulates them to fit his agenda. These lies are so bizarre because of their obviousness and transparency that I fail to understand what Tim thinks he is accomplishing by publishing them. Maybe he really is an ignorant person and has no intent to deceive. Whether deliberately dishonest or profoundly ignorant this is another unreliable article by Timothy Jay Schwab who is The God Culture.